Prevalence of Malaria among ABO Blood Groups in Ghana: A Case Study of Adentan Municipality
International Journal of Pathogen Research, Volume 12, Issue 1,
Page 21-29
DOI:
10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i1217
Abstract
The ABO blood group system is the most clinically recognized blood group and it is made up of A, B, AB and O antigens. Many studies have been done to determine the relationship between malaria and the ABO blood group system in terms of the susceptibility, intensity, resistance and frequency of the disease among the various blood groups and there have been variations in the findings thus; this study sought to determine the prevalence of malaria among the various blood groups among the residents of the Adentan municipality. A cross-sectional study was conducted and 208 participants were enrolled, out of which 147 (70.7%) and 61(29.3%) were females and males respectively and 194 (93.3%) and 14 (6.7%) participants were adults and children respectively. There were 69 malaria cases of which 13 (18.8%) were children and 56 (81.2%) were adults. 40.58% out of the 69 malaria cases were males while 59.42% were females respectively. Malaria was most prevalent among blood group O Rh positive (44%) and less in blood group B negative (0%). Blood group O positive (41%) was more prevalent among the residents. There was significant correlation between malaria and gender and malaria and age distribution (P=0.012 and P<0.00) respectively. In conclusion, children and the female gender type are more prone to malaria parasitemia than adults and the male gender type. Age is a significant risk factor in malaria infections. Although there was no significant relationship between malaria and blood group, malaria was most prevalent among those with blood group O Rh positive. Blood group O positive was the most common among the participants.
- ABO blood group
- rhesus factor
- Malaria
How to Cite
References
Cox EGF. History of the discovery of malaria parasites and their vectors. Parasites and Vectors. 2010;3-5.
Queensland Health. Malaria. Queensland Health Guidelines for Public Health Units; 2016. Available:https://www.health.qld.gov.au/cdcg/index/malaria
World Health Organization. World Malaria Report; 2018.
Available:https://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world-malaria-report-2017/en/
World Health Organization. World Malaria report; 2017.
Available:https://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world-malaria-report-2017/en/
Ghana Health Service. Malaria. National Malaria Control Programme; 2017.
Severe Malaria Observatory. Severe malaria facts; Ghana; 2016.
Available:https://www.severemalaria.org/countries/ghana.
Ai L, Li J, Wang W, Li Y. ABO blood group and risk of malaria during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiology and Infection. 2022;150:e25.
Yeda R, Okudo C, Owiti E, Biwot G, Momanyi C, Korir W, Mitsanze T, Tegerei C, Juma D, Opot B, Mwakio E. Burden of malaria infection among individuals of varied blood groups in Kenya. Malaria Journal. 2022;21(1):1-7.
Siciliano G, Alano P. Enlightening the malaria parasite life cycle: Bioluminescent Plasmodium in fundamental and applied research. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2015;6:391.
Degarege A, Gebrezgi MT, Ibanez G, Wahlgren M, Madhivanan P. Effect of the ABO blood group on susceptibility to severe malaria: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Blood Reviews. 2019;33:53–62.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.blre.2018.07.002
Abegaz SB. Human ABO Blood Groups and Their Associations with Different Diseases. BioMed Research International. 2021;6629060.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6629060
Häfner S. There will be blood. Microbes and Infection. 2020;22(9):385–388.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2020.04.008
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Malaria. One page; 2016.
Herchline TE. Malaria. Medscape. Drugs and Diseases-infectious Diseases; 2019.
Available:https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/221134-overview#a7
World Health Organization. Malaria; 2018. Available: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria
Pedro B, Lucio A, Romay-Barja M, Herrador Z, González V, Fernández-Martínez AGL, Santana-Morales M, Ncogo P, Valladares B, Riloha M, Benito A. Comparison of three diagnostic methods (microscopy, RDT, and PCR) for the detection of malaria parasites in representative samples from Equatorial Guinea. Malaria Journal. 2018;Article number: 333
Dean LB. Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens. The ABO blood group. National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); Chapter. 2005;5
Kuadzi JT, Ankra-Badu G, Addae MM. Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children at a tertiary teaching hospital: ABO blood group is a risk factor. Pan Afr Med J. 2011;10:2.
Mitra R, Mishra N, Rath GP. Blood groups systems. Indian Journal Anaesthia. 2014;58(5):524–528.
Moll K, Palmkvist M, Ch'ng J, Kiwuwa MS, Wahlgren M. Evasion of Immunity to Plasmodium falciparum: Rosettes of Blood Group A Impair Recognition of PfEMP1. PLoS One. 2015 ;10(12): e0145120. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145120. Erratum in: PLoS One. 2016;11(2): e0149765.
PMID: 26714011; PMCID: PMC4694710.
Afoakwah R, Aubyn E, Prah J, Nwaefuna EK, Boampong J. Relative Susceptibilities of ABO Blood Groups to Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Ghana. Advances in Hematology; 2016.
Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5368793
Tekeste Z, Petros B. The ABO blood group and Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Awash, Metehara and Ziway areas, Ethiopia. Malaria Journal. 2010;9:280.
Kuete T, Ngaba GP, Kue EK, Mpah EHM Ekobo AS. Influence of ABO Blood Groups on Plasmodium falciparum Parasitaemia and Malaria Clinical Types in Outpatients in a Government Hospital of Douala, Cameroon. Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medicine. 2016;1:104
Zerihun T, Degarege A, Erko B. Association of ABO blood group and Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Dore Bafeno Area, Southern Ethiopia. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 2011;1(4):289–294.
Kothari CR. Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, (Second Edition). New Age International Publishers. 2004;172.
World Health Organization. Malaria in Infants; 2018.
Available:https://www.who.int/malaria/areas/high_risk_groups/infants/en/
Uneke CJ, Ogbu O, Nwojiji V. Potential risk of induced malaria by blood transfusion in South-eastern Nigeria. McGill Journal of Medicine. 2006;9(1):8–13.
Sama W, Owusu-Agyei S, Felge RKD. Age and seasonal variation in the transition rates and detectability of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Parasitology. 2006; 132(1):13–21.
Richmond Afoakwah, Edmond Aubyn, James Prah, Ekene Kwabena Nwaefuna, Johnson N. Boampong. Relative Susceptibilities of ABO Blood Groups to Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Ghana, Advances in Hematology. 2016;Article ID 5368793:4. Available:https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5368793
Jenkins R, Omollo R, Ongecha M, Sifuna P, Othieno C, Ongeri L, Kingora J, Ogutu B. Prevalence of malaria parasites in adults and its determinants in malaria endemic area of Kisumu County, Kenya. Malaria Journal. 2015;14:263.
Carlson J, Helmby H, Hill AV, Brewster D, Greenwood BM, Wahlgren M. Human cerebral malaria: association with erythrocyte rosetting and lack of anti-rosetting antibodies. Lancet. 1990;336: 14571460.
Tela IA, Modibbo MHLH, Adamu MG, Taura MG. Prevalence of Malaria Infection Among ABO Blood Groups In Jama’are, Nigeria. RA Journal of Applied Research. 2015;I(07):255-26.
Olukoya P. A Guide to Gender and Malaria Resources. Department of Gender, Women and Health (GWH) Family and Community Health Cluster (FCH) World Health Organization; 2005. Available: www.who.int/gender
Abdullahi K, Abubakar U, Adamu T, Daneji AI, Aliyu RU, Jiya N, Ibraheem MTU, Nata’ala SU. Malaria in Sokoto, North Western Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2009;8:7101-7105.
Kretchy JP, Doku GN , Annor RA, Addy BS, Asante RK. Distribution of ABO blood group/Rhesus factor in the Eastern Region of Ghana, towards effective blood bank inventory Sch. J. App. Med. Sci. 2017;5(3B):821-826.
Xuan Zhang, Meifang Yang, Hong Zhao, Jianhua Hu, Lanjuan Li. Relationship between Malaria and ABO Blood Types in East China. BioMed Research International. 2017;1-3.
Schwartz E, Sadetzki S, Murad H, Raveh D. Age as a Risk Factor for Severe Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Non-immune Patients. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2001;33(10):1774–1777.
Barragan A, Kremsner PG, Wahlgren M, Carlson J. Blood group A antigen is a coreceptor in Plasmodium falciparum rosetting. Infect Immun. 2000;68:2971-2975.
Chimere O. Agomo, Wellington A. Oyibo, Rose I. Anorlu, U. Agomo. Prevalence of Malaria in Pregnant Women in Lagos, South-West Nigeria. Korean J. Parasitol. 2009;47(2):179-183.
Francischetti IBM, Seydel KB, Monteiro RQ. Blood Coagulation,Inflammation, and Malaria. Informa Healthcare. 2008;15:81–107. DOI: 10.1080/10739680701451516
Molineaux L, Gramiccia G. The Garki Project: Research on the epidemiology and control of malaria in the Sudan Savanna of West Africa. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010.
Muntaka S, Opoku-Okrah C. The Prevalence of Malaria Parasitaemia and Predisposition of ABO Blood Groups to Plasmodium falciparum Malaria among Blood Donors at a Ghanaian Hospital. Research Gate. 2013;16
Oladimeji O, Oyeyemi AS, Titiloye AM, Adeyemi AO, Burnett MS, Apera I, Oladunni O, Alliu M. Malaria testing and treatment knowledge among selected rural patent and proprietary medicine vendors (PPMV) in Nigeria. Malaria Journal. 2019;18 :103.
Singh B, Bobogare A, Cox-Singh J, Snounou G, Abdullah MS, Rahman HA. A genus- and species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction malaria detection assay for epidemiologic studies. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015;60:687-692.
World Health Organization: World Malaria Report. Geneva; 2014.
World Health Organization. Definition of key Terms; 2013. Available:https://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/arv2013/intro/keyterms/en/
World Health Organization. Malaria; 2019. Available: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria
-
Abstract View: 118 times
PDF Download: 19 times