https://journalijpr.com/index.php/IJPR/issue/feed 2026-06-13T10:42:37+00:00 International Journal of Pathogen Research [email protected] Open Journal Systems <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>International Journal of Pathogen Research</strong> <strong>(ISSN: 2582-3876) </strong>aims to publish high-quality papers related to all aspects of pathogens and pathogen-host interactions. The journal covers all pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, parasites, and protozoa that infect humans or animals, the diagnosis, management, or treatment for pathogen-related diseases, the diseases that have important medical, agricultural, and economic consequences as well as environmental and public health implications. By not excluding papers based on novelty, this journal facilitates the research and wishes to publish papers as long as they are technically correct and scientifically motivated. The journal also encourages the submission of useful reports of negative results. This is a quality controlled, OPEN peer-reviewed, open-access INTERNATIONAL journal.</p> https://journalijpr.com/index.php/IJPR/article/view/466 2026-06-13T10:42:37+00:00 Benjamin Onyebuchi Osuji Chidinma Stacy Iroha Ismaila Danjuma Mohammed Ikechukwu Jude Ebenyi Oforbuike Okeh Ikemesit Udeme Peter [email protected] Ifeanyichukwu Romanus Iroha

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) have evolved from commensals to significant opportunistic pathogens, primarily due to their capacity for biofilm formation and the acquisition of multidrug resistance (MDR) genes. In low-resource settings, meat processing surfaces like butcher tables can serve as unrecognized reservoirs for these pathogens. In Enugu, Nigeria, no data exist on the prevalence, biofilm-forming ability, and resistance profiles of CoNS contaminating butcher tables, representing a critical gap in food safety surveillance. This study provides the first report on the biofilm-forming capacity and antibiotic susceptibility of CoNS isolated from butcher tables in Enugu.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 30 swab samples were aseptically collected from butcher tables across five major abattoirs/markets in the Enugu metropolis. Standard microbiological techniques were used for isolation, including mannitol salt agar and coagulase testing. Biofilm formation was assessed using the Congo Red Agar (CRA) method and the quantitative microtiter plate (MTP) assay. Confirmed CoNS isolates (n=25) were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing against 15 antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, and the results were interpreted per CLSI guidelines. The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square tests to determine associations between biofilm formation and resistance phenotypes.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Of the 30 butcher table swabs, 25 (83.3%) yielded CoNS. Among these, biofilm formation was detected in 23 isolates (92% of CoNS; 76.7% of total samples) by MTP assay, with 12 (48%) classified as strong biofilm producers. The CRA method showed substantial agreement (κ = 0.64) with the quantitative method. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed alarmingly high resistance rates: 100% to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, oxacillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, and vancomycin. High resistance was also observed for erythromycin (92%), imipenem (60%), ceftriaxone (48%), and piperacillin-tazobactam (40%). All isolates remained 100% susceptible to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gentamicin, and meropenem. The overall MAR index was high (mean 0.68 ± 0.06). Statistical analysis showed a significant association between strong biofilm formation and resistance to erythromycin (p = 0.03).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This first report demonstrates that butcher tables in Enugu are heavily contaminated with multidrug-resistant, biofilm-forming CoNS. The high prevalence of biofilm producers (92% of CoNS) indicates these surfaces are persistent reservoirs for transmitting resistant pathogens through the food chain. Urgent One Health interventions, including stricter abattoir hygiene and antimicrobial stewardship, are required.</p>

2026-06-13T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. https://journalijpr.com/index.php/IJPR/article/view/465 2026-06-08T08:07:53+00:00 Forman Erwin Siagian [email protected]

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Mosquito-borne diseases remain a major global public health challenge, necessitating environmentally sustainable vector-control strategies such as biosurfactant-based disruption of mosquito larval and pupal development in aquatic habitats.</p> <p><strong>Aims: </strong>To reveal the effectivity of biosurfactant above water surface to prevent larvae and pupa of mosquito to obtain oxygen and blocking their breathing tubes, and also their effect to the environment.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Surfactants, including specialized larviciding oils and Silicone-based products, kill mosquito larvae and pupae by reducing the water's surface tension, causing them to drown by blocking their breathing tubes. These films prevent larvae/pupae from breaking the surface to breathe, often providing 100% mortality within hours. Larvicide surfactants are used to control mosquito populations, but unfortunately, their environmental impact varies depending on whether they are synthetic or biological, and what is feared ranging from potential, temporary aquatic disruption to eco-friendly, biodegradable alternatives. Studies showed that biosurfactants often exhibit low toxicity to non-target organisms, such as vegetables, seeds, and microcrustaceans, making them a "green" option for mosquito larva and pupae management</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Surfactants larvicide are widely considered non-invasive, eco-friendly, and sustainable alternatives to traditional chemical pesticides. They are Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS), biodegradable, and low in toxicity to humans, animals, and the environment.</p>

2026-06-11T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.